iiiii'i!: 'mm liljJijlHi'; 141 H 86 «> TO PISCATORIALISTS |0E JEFFERSON was not the only busy man who found time to practice the Izaak Walton proclivity. In fact, the busiest men who do the work of the world are the men who every little while shoul- der the rod and take to the river. Walton once said that the reason fishing has always been so popular is because man used to be a fish himself — oh, so many aeons ago! However, it is a fact that fishing is the oldest and most popular sport known and the only one that really pays. FOREST, LAKE AND RIVER is the title of a sumptuous two-volume work prepared and published by a number of excellent men who have fished more than most of us. It tells about every fish, great and small, found in the waters of New England and Eastern Canada, that country known as the Fisher- man's Paradise' (have you never been there?). Strongly endorsed by the U. S. Division of Fisher- ies. Bound in boards, limp face, silk lined, with nearly 100 superb illustrations and reproductions of oil paintings. Over 600 pages. Edition limited to 350 copies. H Price per set, |2o0.00. Address FRANK M. JOHNSON ROYAL ANGLER 43 TREMONT STREET, BOSTON, MASS. THE paragraph opposite this we have printed in large type with a special ornamental border, hand-illum- ined, •suitable for framing ^ ^ ^ Price, One Dollar; framed roy- croftie in Weathered Oak, Two Dollars and Fifty Cents each ^ THE ROYCROFTERS East Aurora, Erie Co., New York T^jVERY employe pays for superin- tendence and inspection Js> Some pay more and some less. That is to say, a doUar-a-day man would re- ceive t'wo dollars a day 'were it not for the fact that some one has to think for him, look after him and supply the will that holdshim to his task. The result is that he contrib- utes to the support of those who superintend him. Make no mistake about this: incompetence & dis- inclination require supervision, and they pay for it and no one else does. The less you require looking after, the more able you are to standalone^ and complete your tasks, the greater your reward. Then, if you cannot only do your own w^ork, but direct intelligently and effectively the efforts of others, your reward is in exact ratio, & the more people you can direct, & the higher the intelligence you can rightly lend, the more valuable is your life. QThe Law^ of Wages is as sure and exact in its w^orking as the Law^ of the Standard of Life. You can go to the very top and take Edison for instance, w^ho sets a vast army at ^vork and wins not only deathless fame, but a fortune, great beyond the dreams of avarice. And going dow^n the scale, you can find men w^ho w^ill not w^ork of themselves and no one can make them work, and so their lives are worth nothing, and they are a tax and a burden on the community. Do your work so well that it will require no supervision, and by doing your ow^n thinking you will save the expense of hiring some one to think for you.— ELBERT HUBBARD /^■■i^HE attention of the entire country is being at- iw tracted to the Raih'oad Gardening of the JBos- ^^^ ton <| Albany. Q It has converted its principal suburban route, "The Cu'cuit " thru Brookhne, Riverside, Newtons and Wellesley, into beautiful public parks, and is reaching out to Worcester, Springfield, and Alban3^ The suburbanite along the Boston S^ Albany has a ride thru these parks every day, and not only the tourist and sightseer, but the landscape gardener, and other railroads are all studying the work of this road. Q The approaches to the depots are along graveled walks with stretches of green turf bordered with shrubbery. The depots have vines clambering over them, and every pond, crooked place, and rocky gulch instead of being an eyesore, was found to be only an opportunity for making the spot doubly beautiful. Q The peculiar feature of its gardening is that it is designed to be effective all the year round, even in winter. Many stubborn problems confronted the management, but they have all been solved, by the Boston 8^ A Ibany Railroad in such a manner as to contribute an important chapter to the history of the art of landscape gardening. NoTE^One writer has defined it as the "Garden Railroad"; another the "Railroad Beautiful." Q The Passenger Department has been issuing for general distribution a series of illustrated brochures by eminent writers, the latest being entitled "A Study in Railroad Gardening," by F. A. Arnold of Suburban Life, Boston, with illustrations by J. Horace McFarland, President American Civic Association, Harrisburg, Pa. , Copies of this publication may be secured by addressing the Boston office. The Way to be a Thinker is to get in touch with thinkers. All the world's prizes are captured by those who have seasoned their energy with the spice of originality — and originality means the habit of clear and fresh thinking. Originality can be developed — and is developed — by contact with original minds. Even the best of us have a tendency to fall into mental ruts, to go plodding on, year after year, in the same track, to do things without knowing precisely why. The way to keep alive, the way to be original, the way to be a success, is to talk with brainy people and to read books that make you think. That 's the reason the NEW SCIENCE LIBRARY is a cure for mental paralysis. It contains the best work of Darwin, Huxley, Spencer, Tyndall, and other great leaders of modern thought. It will tell you what the famous Darwinian theory is; how the planets are weighed and their motions charted; what radium is; what ideas Herbert Spencer brought into the world; how liquid air is made and used — and ten thousand other interesting things you have always wanted to know. It is a work to be read and enjoyed, for it is written in a clear and interesting style — not abstruse or technical. H The work con- sists of sixteen superb volumes, handsomely printed and bound. Send For Our Free Booklet We cannot begin to describe all the attractive features of the New Science Library in this limited space. Send us the coupon cut from this advertisement (or a copy of it), and we will mail you a co.mplimentary copy of " Some Wonders of Science " — our sixty-four-page book, which contains interesting articles by Ray Stannard Baker, Professor Huxley, Edward Tylor, and others. At the same time we will send you full particu- lars of the New Science Library, & our introductory oifer. Write today. PUBLIC OPIIVIOiV, 44 E. 23d St., IVew York SIGN AND MAIL Without cost to me, please send me a free copy of " Some Wonders of Sci- ence " with information about the New Science Library, as per your ad- vertisement in Little Journey's:— Name Address DAME NATURE HINTS When the Food Is Not Suited. When Nature gives her signal that something is wrong it is generally with the food; the old Dame is always faithful and one should act at once. To put off the change is to risk that which may be irrepa- rable. An Arizona man says : "For years I could not safely eat any breakfast. I tried all kinds of breakfast foods, but they were all soft, starchy messes, which gave me distressing headaches. I drank strong coffee too, which appeared to benefit me at the time,, but added to the headaches afterwards. Toast and coffe^ were no better, for I found the toast very constipating. ' ' A friend persuaded me to quit the old coffee and the starchy breakfast foods, and use Postum Coffee and Grape-Nuts instead. I shall never regret taking his advice. I began using them three months ago. The change they have worked in me is wonderful. I now have no more of the distressing sensations in my stomach after eating, and I never have any headaches. I have gained 12 pounds in weight and feel better in every way. Grape-Nuts make a delicious as well as a nutritious dish, and I find that Postum Coffee is easily digested and never produces dyspepsia symptoms." Name given by Postum Co., Battle Creek, Mich. There 's a reason. Get the little book, '*The Road to Wellville," in each pkg. i L I T T L E \:S JOURNEYS TO HOMES OF GREAT SCIENTISTS ^ WRITTEN BY ELBERT HUBBARD AND DONE INTO BOOK FORM BY THE ROYCROFTERS AT ^^^^^^ . ;^ THEIR SHOP, WHICH /^^^Ov ) IS IN EAST AURORA, ' V xxx\ NEW YORK, A.D. MCMV ^^^ ^ ^.,,,, CHARLES DARWIN TTf FEEL most deeply that this whole question of creation is too ^ profound for human intellect. A dog might as well speculate on the mind of Newton ! Let each man hope and believe what he can. CHARLES DARWIN to Asa Gray. M ONE have fought better, and none have been more fortunate than Charles Darwin. He found a great truth trodden underfoot, reviled by bigots, and ridiculed by all the world ; he lived long enough to see it, chiefly by his own efforts, irrefragably established in science, inseparably incorporated into the common thoughts of men. What shall a man desire more than this ? THOMAS HUXLEY, Address, April 27, 1882 CHARLES DARWIN ►VOLUTION is everywhere at work, even in the matter of jokes. Once in the House of Commons, Disraeli, who prided him- self on his scholarship as well as his Hyperion curl, interrupted a speaker and V xr'Av^/v^y sharply corrected him on a matter of ^^j2>»VvV^y history. " I would rather be a gentleman than a scholar ! " the man replied. "My friend is seldom either," came the quick response. When Thomas Brackett Reed was Speaker of the House of Representa- tives, a member once took exception to J^J/ASX^) ^ ruling of the "Czar," and having in ^;[^ mind Reed's supposed presidential as- pirations closed his protests with the thrust, " I would rather be right than president." "The gentleman will never be either," came the instant retort. But some years before the reign of the American Czar, Gladstone, Premier of A7yN^,C^ England, said, " I would rather be right and believe in the Bible, than excite a body of curious, infidelic, so-called sci- T>?rv^ entists to unbecoming wonder by tracing their ancestry to a troglodyte." 157 % LITTLE JOURNEYS And Huxley replied, " I, too, would rather be right — I would rather be right than Premier." Charles Darwin was a Gentle Man. He was the great- est naturalist of his time, and a more perfect gentle- man never lived. His son Francis said, " I cannot remember of ever hearing my father utter an unkind or hasty word. If in his presence some one was being harshly criticised he always thought of something to say in w^ay of palliation and excuse." One of his companions on the " Beagle," who saw him daily for five years on that memorable trip wrote, "A protracted sea voyage is a most severe test of friend- ship, and Darwin was the only man on our ship, or that I ever heard of, who stood the ordeal. He never lost his temper or made an unkind remark." Captain Fitz-Roy of the "Beagle" was a disciplina- rian, and absolute in his authority, as a ship- captain must be. The ship had just left one of the South American ports where the captain had gone ashore and been enter- tained by a coffee-planter. On this plantation all the work w^as done by slaves, who, no doubt, were very well treated. The Captain thought that negroes well cared for were very much better off than if free. And further, he related how the owner had called up va- rious slaves and had the Captain ask them if they wished freedom, and the answer was always, "No." Q Darwin here interposed by asking the Captain w^hat he thought the answer of a slave was worth when being interrogated in the presence of his owner. Here 158 Fitz-Roy flew into a passion, berating the volunteer naturalist, and suggested a taste of the rope's end in lieu of logic. Darwin made no reply, and seemingly did not hear the uncalled-for chidings. In a few^ hours a sailor handed him a note from Cap- tain Fitz-Roy full of abject apology for having so for- gotten himself. Darwin was then but tw^enty-two years old, but the poise and patience of the young man w^on the respect, then the admiration and finally the affec- tion of every man on board that ship. This attitude of kindness, patience and good will formed the strongest attribute of Darwin's nature, and to these godlike qualities he ^vas heir from a royal line of ancestry. No man "was ever more blest — more richly endo^ved by his parents w^ith love and intellect — than Darwin. And no man ever repaid the debt of love more fully — all that he had received he gave again. Dar'win is the Saint of Science. He proves the possible ; and "when mankind shall have evolved to a point where such men will be the rule, not the exception — as one in a million — then and not till then can w^e say we are a civilized people. Charles Darwin was not only the greatest thinker of his time (with possibly one exception), but in his simplicity and earnestness, in his limpid love for truth — his perfect w^illingness to abandon his opinion if he were found to be w^rong — in all these things he proved himself the greatest man of his time. Yet it is absurd to try to separate the scientist from 159 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS the father, neighbor and friend. Darwin's love for truth as a scientist was what lifted him out of the fog of whim and prejudice and set him apart as a man. Q He had no time to hate. He had no time to indulge in foolish debates and struggle for rhetorical mastery — he had his work to do. That statesmen like Glad- stone misquoted him, and churchmen like Wilberforce reviled him — these things were as naught to Darwin — his face was toward the sunrising. To be able to know the truth, and to state it, were vital issues — whether the truth was accepted by this man or that, was quite immaterial, excepting possibly to the man himself. In Darw^in's nature there -was no resentment. Only love is immortal — hate is a negative condition. It is love that animates, beautifies, benefits, refines — creates. So firmly was this truth fixed in the heart of Charles Darwin, that throughout his long life the only things he feared and shunned were prejudice and hate. "They hinder and blind a man to truth," he said, "a scientist must only love." ►MERSON has been mentioned as the cul- minating flower of seven generations of New England culture. Charles Darwin seems a similar culminating product. Surely he showed rare judgment in the selection of his grandparents. His grand- father on his father's side was Dr. Erasmus Darwin, a poet, a naturalist, and a physician so discerning that 160 he once wrote, ** The science of medicine will some time resolve itself into a science of prevention rather than a matter of cure. Man was made to be well, and the best medicine I know of is an active and intelligent interest in the w^orld of nature." Erasmus Darw^in had the felicity to have his biography w^ritten in German, and he has his place in the Encyclopedia Brittanica quite independent of that of his gifted grandson. Charles Darwin's grandfather on his mother's side \vas Josiah Wedgwood, one of the most versatile men. He w^as as fine in spirit as those exquisite de- signs by Flaxman that you will see today on the Wedgw^ood pottery. Josiah Wedgw^ood w^as a business man — an organizer, and he w^as beyond this, an artist, a naturalist, a sociologist and a lover of his race. His portrait by Sir Joshua Reynolds reveals a man of rare intelligence, and his biography is as interesting as a novel by Kipling. His space in the Encyclopedia Brit- tanica is even more important than that occupied by his dear friend and neighbor. Dr. Erasmus Darwin. The hand of the Potter did not shake when Josiah "Wedgwood was made. Josiah W^edgwood and Dr. Darwin had mutually promised their children to each other in marriage. W^edgwood became rich and he made numerous other men rich, and he enriched the heart and the intellect of England by setting before it beautiful things, and by living an earnest, active and beautiful life. Josiah W^edgwood coined the word "queensware." He married his cousin Sarah Wedgwood. Their 161 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS daughter, Susannah V/edgwood, married Dr. Robert Darwin, and Charles Darwin, their son, married Emma "Wedgwood, a daughter of Josiah "Wedgwood the Sec- ond. Caroline Darwin, a sister of Charles Darwin, married Josiah Wedgwood the Third. Let those who have the time w^ork out this origin of species in detail and show us the relationship of the Darwins and Wedgwoods. And I hope we '11 hear no more about the folly of cousins marrying, when Charles Darwin is before us as an example of natural selection. From his mother Darwin inherited those traits of gen- tleness, insight, purity of purpose, patience and per- sistency that set him apart as a marked man. The father of Charles Darwin, Dr. Robert Darwin, was a successful physician of Shrewsbury. His marriage to Susannah W^edgwood filled his heart, and also placed him on a firm financial footing, and he seemed to take his choice of patients. Dr. Darwin was a man devoted to his family, respected by his neighbors, and he lived long enough to see his son recognized, greatly to his surprise, as one of England's foremost scientists. Charles Darwin in youth w^as rather slow in intellect, and in form and feature far from handsome. Physically he w^as never strong. In disposition he was gentle and most lovable. His mother died w^hen he w^as eight years of age, and his three older sisters then mothered him. Between them all existed a tie of affection, very gentle, and very firm. The girls knew^ that Charles would become an eminent man — ^just how^ they could not guess — but he w^ould be a leader of men — they felt 162 it in their hearts. It was all the beautiful dream that the mother has for her babe as she sings to the man- child a lullaby as the sun goes down. In his autobiographical sketch, written when he was past sixty, Darwin mentions this faith and love of his sisters, and says, " Personally, I never had much am- bition, but when at college I felt that I must work, if for no other reason, so as not to disappoint my sisters." Q At school Charles was considerable of a grubber, he worked hard because he felt that it was his duty. Eng- lish boarding-schools have always taught things out of season, and very often have succeeded in making learning wholly repugnant. Perhaps that is the reason that nine men out of ten who go to college cease all study as soon as they stand on "the threshold," look- ing at life ere they seize it by the tail to snap its head off. To them education is one thing and life another. Q But with many headaches and many heartaches Charles got through Cambridge and then was sent to attend lectures at the University of Edinburgh. Of one lecturer in Scotland he says, "The good man was really more dull than his books, and how^ I escaped without all science being utterly distasteful to me I hardly know." To Cambridge, Darwin owed nothing but the associa- tion with other minds, yet this was much, and almost justifies the college. " Send your sons to college and the boys will educate them," said Emerson. The most beneficent influence for Darw^in at Cambridge was the friendship between himself and Professor 163 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS Henslow. Darwin became known as ''the man w^ho w^alks with Henslow." Henslow^ taught botany, and took his classes on tramps afield and on barge rides down the river, giving out-of-door lectures on the 'way. This common-sense w^ay of teaching appealed to Dar- win greatly, and although he did not at Cambridge take botany as a study, yet when Henslow had an out- of-door class he usually managed to go along. In his autobiography Darwin gives great credit to this very gentle and simple soul, who, although not being great as a thinker, yet could animate and arouse a pleasurable interest. Henslow^ was once admonished by the faculty for his lack of discipline, and young Darw^in came near getting himself into difficulty by declaring, ''Professor Henslow teaches his pupils in love, the others think they know a better way ! " The hope of his father and sisters was that Charles Darwin would become a clergyman. For the army he had no taste whatsoever, and at twenty-one the only thing seemed to be the Church. Not that the young man w^as filled with religious zeal — far from that — but one must do something, you know. Up to this time he had studied in a desultory w^ay, he had also dreamed and tramped the fields. He had done considerable grouse shooting and had developed a little too much skill in that particular line. To paraphrase Herbert Spencer, to shoot fairly well is a manly accomplish- ment, but to shoot too well is evidence of an ill-spent youth. Dr. Darwin was having fears that his son was going to be an idle sportsman, and he was urging the 164 divinity school. The real fact was that sportsmanship was already becoming distasteful to young Darwin, and his hunting expeditions were now largely carried on with a botanist's drum and a geologist's hammer. Q, But to the practical Doctor these things were no bet- ter than the gun — it was idling, anyway. Natural His- tory as a pastime w^as excellent, and sportsmanship for exercise and recreation had its place, but the busi- ness of life must not be neglected — Charles should get himself to a divinity school and quickly, too. Things urged become repellant — and Charles was groping around for an excuse when a letter came from Professor Henslow saying, among other things, that the Government was about to send a ship around the w^orld on a scientific surveying tour, especially to map the coast of Patagonia, & other parts of South Amer- ica and Australia. A volunteer naturalist w^as wanted — board and passage free, but the volunteer was to supply his own clothes and instruments. The proposition gave Charles a great thrill : he gave a gulp and a gasp and went in search of his father. The father saw nothing in the plan beyond the fact that the Government w^as going to get several years' w^ork out of some foolish young man, for nothing — gadzooks! Charles insisted — he wanted to go ! He urged that on this trip he would be to but very little expense. '*You say I have cost you much, but the fellow who can spend money on board ship must be very clever." '* But you are a very clever young man, they say," the father replied. 165 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS That night Charles again insisted on discussing the matter. The father "was exasperated and exclaimed, '* Go and find me one sane man who will endorse your "wild-goose chase and I w^ill give my consent." Charles said no more — he would find that "sane man." But he knew perfectly well that if any average person endorsed the plan his father would declare the man was insane and the proof of it lay in the fact that he endorsed the w^ild-goose chase. In the morning Charles started of his own accord to see Henslow. Henslo-w w^ould endorse the trip, but both parties knew that Dr. Darwin would not accept a mere college professor as sane. Charles w^ent home and tramped thirty miles across the country to the home of his uncle, Josiah Wedgwood the Second. There he knew he had an advocate for anything he might wish in the person of his fair cousin, Emma. These tw^o laid their heads together, made a plan and stalked their prey. They cornered Josiah the Second after dinner and showed him how^ it w^as the chance of a lifetime — this trip on H. M. S. the "Beagle!" Charles wasn't adapted for a clergyman, anyway, he wanted to be a ship-captain, a traveler, a discoverer, a scientist, an author like Sir John Mandeville, or something else. Josiah the Second had but to speak the word and Dr. Darwin would be silenced, and the recommendation of so great a man as Josiah Wedgwood would secure the place J^ J> Josiah the Second laughed — then he looked sober. He 166 agreed with the proposition — it was the chance of a lifetime. He would go back home w^ith Charles and put the Doctor straight. And he did. And on the personal endorsement of Josiah "Wedgwood and Professor Henslow, Charles Robert Darwin was duly booked as Volunteer Naturalist in Her Majesty's service. JAPTAIN FITZ-ROY of the "Beagle" liked Charles Darw^in until he began look- ing him over w^ith a professional eye. Then he declared his nose w^as too large and not rightly shaped, besides, he was too tall for his w^eight — outside of these points the Volunteer would answer. On talking w^ith young Darwin further, the Captain liked him better, and the imperfections w^ere w^aived, although no promise w^as made that they would be remedied. In fact. Captain Fitz-Roy liked Charles so well that he in- vited him to share his own cabin and mess with him. The sailors seeing this, touched respectful forefingers to their caps and addressed the Volunteer as "Sir." Q[The " Beagle" sailed on December 27th, 1831, and it was four years and ten months before Charles Dar- win again saw England. The trip decided the business of Darwin for the rest of his life, and thereby an epoch was worked in the upward and onward march of the race. 167 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS Captain Fitz-Roy of the British Navy was but twenty- three years old. He was a draftsman, a geographer, a mathematician and a navigator. He had sailed 'round the world as a plain tar, and taken his kicks and cuffs with good grace. At the Portsmouth Naval School he had w^on a gold medal for proficiency in study, and an- other medal had been given him for heroism in leaping from a sailing ship into the sea to save a drowning sailor J> ^ Let us be fair — the tight little island has produced the men. To evolve a few good men she may have pro- duced many millions of the spawn of earth — but let the fact stand : England has produced men. Here was a beardless youth, slight in form, silent by habit, but so well thought of by his Government that he was given a ship, five officers, two surgeons and forty-one picked men to go around the world and make measurements of certain coral reefs and map the dan- gerous coasts of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. The ship was provisioned for two years, but the orders were, *' Do the w^ork, no matter how long it may take, and your drafts on the Government will be honored." €[ Captain Fitz-Roy was a man of decision — he knew just where he wanted to go, and what there was to do. He was to measure and map dreary w^astes of tossing tide, and do the task so accurately that it would never have to be done again — his maps were to remain for- ever a solace, a safety and a security to the men who go down to the sea in ships. England has certainly produced themen — and Fitz-Roy 168 was one of them. Q But Fitz-Roy is now known to us, not for his maps which have passed into the mutual w^ealth of the world, but because he took on his trip, merely as an afterthought, a volunteer naturalist. Before the "Beagle" sailed. Captain Fitz-Roy and young Mr. Darwin w^ent down to Portsmouth, and the Captain sho"wed him the ship. The Captain took pains to explain the worst. It was to be at least tw^o years of close, unremitting toil. It was no pleasure excursion — there w^ere no amusements provided, no cards, no wine on the table — the fare was to be simple in the extreme J- J- This way of putting the matter w^as most attractive to Darwin — Fitz-Roy became a hero in his eyes at once. The Captain's manner inspired confidence — he was a man who did not have to be amused or cajoled. " You w^ill be left alone to do your work," said Fitz-Roy to Darwin, **and I must have the cabin to myself when I ask for it." And that settled it. Life aboard ship is like life in jail. It means freedom, freedom from interruption — you have your evenings to yourself, and the days as well. Darwin admired every man on board the ship, and most of all, the man w^ho selected them, and so wrote home to his sisters. He admired the men because each w^as intent on doing his work, and each one seemed to assume that his own particular work was the most important. Second Officer Wickham was entrusted to see that the 169 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS ship was in good order, and so thorough was he that he once said to Darwin, who was constantly casting his net for specimens, "If I were the skipper I 'd soon have you and your beastly belitterment out of this ship with all your devilish, damned mess." And Darwin, much amused, wrote this down in his Journal, and added, **Wickham is a most capital fellow." The discipline and system of ship life, the necessity of working in a small space, and of improving the calm weather, and seizing every moment "when on shore, all tended to work in Darwin's nature exactly the habit that was needed to make him the greatest naturalist of his age. Every sort of life that lived in the sea was new and wonderful to him. Very early on this trip Darwin be- gan to work on the Cirripedia (barnacles) and we hear of Captain Fitz-Roy obligingly hailing homeward- bound ships, and putting out a small boat, rowing alongside, asking politely, to the great astonishment of the party hailed, " W^ould you oblige us with a few^ barnacles off the bottom of your good ship? " All this that the Volunteer, w^ho was dubbed the " Flycatcher," might have something upon which to work. W^hen on shore a sailor w^as detailed by Captain Fitz- Roy to attend the " Flycatcher," with a bag to carry the specimens, geological, botanical and zoological, and a cabin boy was set apart to write notes. This boy w^ho afterw^ard became Governor of Queensland and a K. C. B. used in after years to boast a bit, and rightfully, of 170 his share in producing ' ' The Origin of Species.' ' Q When LITTLE urged to smoke, Darwin repUed, " I am not making JOURNEYS any new necessities for myself." ^A^hen the weather was rough the " Flycatcher" was sick, much to Wickham's delight, but if the ship was becalmed, Darwin came out and gloried in the sun- shine, and in his work of dissecting, labeling and wri- ting memoranda and data. The sailors might curse the w^eather, he did not. Thus passed the days. At each stop many specimens w^ere secured and these were to be sorted and sifted out at leisure. On shore the Captain had his work to do, and it was only after a year that Darwin accidentally discovered that the sailor who was sent to carry his specimens, w^as always armed "with knife & revolver, and his orders were not so much to carry what W^ickham called, " the damn plunder," as to see that no harm befell the ** Flycatcher." Fitz-Roy's interest in the scientific work was only general — longitude, latitude, his twenty-four chronom- eters, his maps and constant soundings, with minute records kept his time occupied. For Darwin and his specimens, however, he had a constantly growing re- spect, and when the long five-years' trip was ended Darwin realized that the gruff and grim Captain was indeed his friend. Captain Fitz-Roy had trouble with everybody on board in turn, thus proving his impar- tiality, but when parting was nigh, tears came to his eyes as he embraced Darwin, and said, with prophetic 171 LITTLE JOURNEYS yet broken words, '* The * Beagle's' voyage may be re- membered more through you than me — I hope it will be so!" And Darwin, too moved for speech, said nothing ex- cepting through the pressure of his hand. 'HE idea of evolution took a firm hold upon the mind of Darwin, in an instant, one day on board the "Beagle." From that hour the thought of the mutability of species w^as the one controlling impulse of his life. On his return from the trip 'round the world he found himself in possession of an immense mass of speci- mens and much data bearing directly upon the point that creation is still going on. That he could ever sort, sift and formulate his evidence on his ow^n account, he never at this time imagined. Indeed, about all he thought he could do w^as to present his notes and specimens to some scientific society in the hope that some of its members w^ould go ahead and use the ma- terial J> Jt> \Vith this thought in mind he opened up correspon- dence with several of the universities and various professors of science, and found, to his dismay that no one "was ^villing to even read his notes, much less house, prepare for preservation and index his thou- sands of specimens. He read papers before different scientific societies, 172 however, from time to time, and gradually in London it dawned upon the few thinkers that this modest and low-voiced young man was doing a little thinking on his own account. One man to whom he had offered the specimens bluntly explained to Darwin that his speci- mens and ideas were only valuable to himself, and it was folly to try to give such things away. Ideas are like children and should be cared for by their parents, and specimens are for the collector. Seeing the depres- sion of the young man, this friend offered to present the matter to the Secretary of the Exchequer. Every- thing can be done when the right man takes hold of it — the sum of one thousand pounds w^as appropriated by the Treasury for Charles Darwin's use in bringing out a Government report of the voyage of the "Beagle." Q And Darwin set to "work, refreshed, rejoiced and en- couraged J' J> He was living in London in modest quarters, solitary and alone. He was not handsome and he lacked the dash and flash that make a success in society. On a trip up to his old home, he w^alked across the country to see his uncle, Josiah Wedgw^ood the Second. ^A^hen he left it was arranged that he should return in a month and marry his cousin Emma Wedgwood. QAnd it "was all so done. One commentator said he married his cousin because he did n't know any other woman that w^ould have him. But none w^ere so unkind as to say that he married her in order to get rid of her, yet Henslow w^ondered how he ceased "wooing science long enough to woo the lady. Doubtless the parents of 173 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS both parties had something to do with the arrange- ment, and in this instance it was beautiful and welL Q Darwin was married to his work, and no such fallacy as marrying a woman in order to educate her filled his mind. His wife was his mental mate, his devoted helper and friend. It is no small matter for a wife to be the friend of her husband. Mrs. Darwin had no small oval aspirations of her own. She flew the futile Four-o'clock and made no flannel nightgowns for Fijis. Twenty years after his marriage, Darwin wrote thus : " It is probably as you say — I have done an enormous amount of work. And this was only possible through the devotion of my wife, who, ignoring every idea of pleasure and comfort for herself, arranged in a thousand ways to give me joy and rest, peace and most valuable inspira- tion and assistance. If I occasionally lost faith in myself she most certainly never did. Only two hours a day could I work, and these to her were sacred. She guarded me as a mother guards her babe, and I look back now and see how hopelessly undone I should have been without her." In 1842, Darwin and his wife moved to the village of Down, County of Kent. The place where they lived was a rambling old stone house with ample garden. The country was rough & unbroken, and one might have imagined he w^as a thousand miles from London instead of only twenty. There were no aristocratic neighbors, no society to speak of. With the plain farmers and sim- ple folk of the village Darwin was on good terms. He 174 became treasurer of the local improvement society, and thereby was serenaded once a year by a brass band. W^e hear of the village rector once saying, " Mr. Dar- win knows botany better than anybody this side of Kew ; and although I am sorry to say that he seldom goes to church, yet he is a good neighbor and almost a model citizen." Together the clergyman and his neigh- bor discussed the merits of climbing roses, sweet peas and morning-glories. Darw^in met all and every one on terms of absolute equality, and never forced his sci- entific hypotheses upon any one. In fact, no one in the village imagined that this quiet country gentleman in the dusty gray clothes that matched his full iron-gray beard, w^as destined for a place in Westminster Abbey — no, not even himself! Darwin's father, seeing that the Government had recognized him, and that the scientific societies of London were quite w^illing to do as much, settled on him an allowance that w^as ample for his simple w^ants. QOn the death of Dr. Darwin, Charles came into pos- session of an inheritance that brought him a yearly income of a little over five hundred pounds. Children came to bless this happy household — seven in all. With these Darwin w^as comrade and teacher. Tw^o hours a day were sacred for science, but outside of this time the children made the study their ov/n and littered the place with their collections gathered on heath and dale. The recognition of the **holy time" w^as strong in the minds of the children, so no prohi- bitions were needed. One daughter has written in 175 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS familiar way of once wanting to go into her father's study for a forgotten pair of scissors. It was the " holy time," and she thought she could not wait, so she took off her shoes and entered in stocking-feet, hoping to be unobserved. Her father was working at his microscope — he saw her, reached out one arm as she passed, drew her to him and kissed her forehead. The guilty little girl never trespassed again — how could she, with the father that gave her only love ! That there was no sternness in this recognition of the value of the working hours is further indicated in that little Francis, aged six, once put his head in the door and offered the father a sixpence if he would come out and play in the garden. For several years Darwin was village magistrate. Most of the cases brought before him were for poach- ing or drunkenness. " He always seemed to be trying to find an excuse for the prisoner, and usually suc- ceeded," says his son ^ Once when a prosecuting attorney complained because Darw^in had discharged a prisoner, the magistrate, who might have fined the impudent attorney for contempt of court, merely said,, " ^A^hy, he *s as good as we are. If tempted in the same w^ay I am sure that I w^ould have done as he has done. We can't blame a man for doing what he has to do ! " QThis was poor reasoning from a legal point of view, Darwin afterward admitted that he did n't hear much of the evidence, as his mind was full of orchids, but the fellow looked sorry and he really couldn't punish anybody who had simply made a mistake. 176 The local legal lights gradually lost faith in Magistrate Darwin's peculiar brand of justice — he had n't much respect for law, and once -when a lawyer cited him the criminal code, he said, "Tut, tut, that was made a hundred years ago!" Then he fined the man five shillings, and paid the fine himself, w^hen he should have sent him to the ^vorkhouse for six months. LITTLE JOURNEYS *HE men ^vho have benefited the world most, have, almost "without exception, been looked dow^n upon and depreciated by the priestly class. That is to say, the men upon whose tombs society now carves the word Savior, were outcasts and criminals in their day. In a society "where the priest is regarded as the mouth- piece of divinity — and therefore the highest type of man — the artist, the inventor, the discoverer, the gen- ius — the man of truth — has always been regarded as a criminal. Society advances as it doubts the priest, dis- trusts his oracles, and loses faith in his institution. In the priest, at first, was deposited all human knowl- edge, and what he did not knovi^ he pretended to know. He was the guardian of mind and morals, and the cure of souls. To question him was to die here and be damned for eternity. The problem of civilization has been to get the truth past the preacher to the people — he has forever barred and blocked the "way, and until he w^as shorn of his 177 LITTLE temporal power there was no hope. The prisons were JOURNEYS first made for those who doubted the priest ; behind and beneath every episcopal residence w^ere dungeons; the ferocious and delicate tortures that reached every physical and mental nerve -were his. His anathemas and curses w^ere always quickly turned upon the strong men of mountain or sea who dared live natural lives, said what they thought was truth, or did what they deemed was right. Science is a search for truth, but theology is a clutch for pow^er. Nothing was so distasteful to a priest as freedom — a happy, exuberant, fearless, radiant and self-sufficient man he both feared and abhorred. A free soul was re- garded by the Church as one to be dealt with. The priest has ever put a premium on pretense and hy- pocrisy. Nothing recommended a man more than humility and the acknowledgment that he was a w^orm of the dust. The ability to do and dare were in them- selves considered proof of depravity. The education of the young has been monopolized by priests in order to perpetuate the fallacies of theology, and all endeavor to put education on a footing of usefulness and utility has been fought inch by inch. Andrew D. White, in his book, "The Warfare of Science and Religion," has calmly and without heat sketched the war that Science has had to make to reach the light. Slo-wly, stubbornly, insolently the- ology has fought Truth step by step — but always re- treating, taking refuge first behind one subterfuge, then 178 another. When an alleged fact was found to be a fallacy, we were told it was not a literal fact, simply a spiritual one. All of theology's weapons have been taken from her and placed in the Museum of Horrors — all save one, social ostracism. And this consists in a refusal to invite Science to indulge in cream-puffs. We smile, knowing that the man who now successfully defies theology is the only one she really, yet secretly admires. If he does not run after her, she holds true the poetic unities by running after him. Mankind is emancipated (or partially so). Darwin's fame rests, for the most part,. on two books, "The Origin of Species " and " The Descent of Man." Yet before these w^ere published he had issued " A Journal of Research into Geology and Natural His- tory," "The Zoology of the Voyage of the 'Beagle,'" "A Treatise on Coral Reefs," "Volcanic Islands," " Geological Observations," and "A Monograph of the Cirripedia." Had Darwin died before " The Origin of Species" was published he w^ould have been famous among scientific men, although it w^as the abuse of theologians on the publication of "The Origin of Species" that really made him world famous. Alfred Russel W^allace, Darwin's chief competitor, said that "A Monograph on the Cirripedia" is enough upon which to found a deathless reputation. Darwin was equally eminent in Geology, Botany and Zoology J> ^ On November 24th, 1859, was published "The Origin of Species." Murray had hesitated about accepting the 179 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS work, but on the earnest solicitation of Sir Charles Lyell, who gave his personal guarantee to the pub- lisher against loss, quite unknown to Darwin, twelve hundred copies of the book were printed. The edition was sold in one day, and who was sur- prised most, the author or the publisher, it is difficult to say ^ J> Up to this time theology had stood solidly on the biblical assertion that mankind had sprung from one man and one woman, and that in the beginning every species was fixed and immutable. Aristotle, three hundred years before Christ, had suggested that by cross-fertilization and change of environment, new species had been, and were being evoked. But the Church had declared Aristotle a heathen, and in every school and college of Christendom it was taught that the world and everything in it was created in six days of twenty-four hours each, and that this occurred four thousand and four years before Christ, on May Tenth. Q Those who doubted or disputed this statement had no standing in society, and in truth until the beginning of the Nineteenth Century, were in actual danger of death — heresy & treason being usually regarded as the same thing. Erasmus Darwin had taught that species were not immutable, but his words were so veiled in the language of poesy that they went unchallenged. But now the grandson of Dr. Erasmus Darwin came forward with the net result of thirty years' continuous work. "The Origin of Species" did not attack any one's religious belief — in fact, in it the biblical account of 180 creation is not once referred to. It was a calm, judicial record of close study and observation, that seemed to prove that life began in very loTvly forms, and that it has constantly ascended and differentiated, new forms and new species being continually created, and that the work of creation still goes on. In the preface to *'The Origin of Species" Darw^in gives Alfred Russel Wallace credit for coming to the same conclusion as himself, and states that both had been at work on the same idea for over a score of years, but each working separately, unknown to the other. Q Andrew D. White says that the publication of Dar- win's book >vas like plowing into an ant-hill. The theologians, rudely awakened from comfort and repose, swarmed out angry, wrathful and confused. The air w^as charged with challenges, and soggy sermons, books, pamphlets, brochures and reviews, all were flying at the head of poor Darw^in. Questions that he had anticipated and answered at great length were flung off by men w^ho had neither read his book nor expected an answer. The idea that man had evolved from a lower form of animal life was especially con- sidered immensely funny, and jokes about *' monkey ancestry," came from almost every pulpit, convulsing the pew^ with laughter. In passing it may be well to note that Darw^in nowhere says that man descended from a monkey. He does, however, affirm his belief that they had a common ancestor. One branch of the family took to the plains, and evolved into men, and the other branch remained 181 LITTLE JOURNEYS LITTLE JOURNEYS in the woods and are monkeys still. The expression, *'the missing link" is nowhere used by Darwin — that was a creation of one of his critics. Wilberforce, Bishop of Oxford, summed up the argu- ment against Darwinism in the "Quarterly Review," by declaring that " Darwin was guilty of an attempt to limit the power of God;" that his book "contradicts the Bible;" that "it dishonors Nature." And in a speech before the British Association for the Advance- ment of Science, where Darwin was not present, the Bishop repeated his assertions, and turning to Huxley, asked if he really were descended from a monkey, and if so, was it on his father's or his mother's side! Q Huxley sat silent, refusing to reply, but the audience began to clamor, and Huxley slowly arose and calmly but forcibly said: "I assert and I repeat, that a man has no reason to be ashamed of having an ape for his grandfather. If there were an ancestor whom I should feel shame in recalling, it would be a man, a man of restless and versatile intellect, who, not content with success in his own sphere of activity, plunges into scientific questions with w^hich he has no real ac- quaintance, only to obscure them by an aimless rhet- oric, and distract the attention of his hearers from the real point at issue by eloquent digression and a skillful appeal to religious prejudices." Captain Fitz-Roy, who was present at this meeting, was also called for. He was now Admiral Fitz-Roy, and felt compelled to uphold his employer, the State, so he upheld the State Religion and backed up the 182 Bishop of Oxford in his emptiness. ** I often had oc- casion on board the ' Beagle ' to reprove Mr. Darwin for his disbelief in the First Chapter of Genesis," solemnly said the Admiral. And Francis Darwin writes it down w^ithout comment, probably to show^ how much the Volunteer Naturalist w^as helped, aided and inspired by the Captain of the Expedition. But the reply of Huxley was a shot heard round the w^orld, and for the most part the echo w^as passed along by the enemy. Huxley had insulted the Church, they said, and the adherents of the Mosaic account took the attitude of outraged and injured innocence. LITTLE JOURNEYS 189 Formulas For,^,„j^, Bookbinders LOUIS H. KINDER Autfior of '"The Whisper'' and Head Binder in The Roy croft Shop Being a collection of Trade Formulas, the result of twenty-five years' study and practice in the Arts of Tooling in Gold, Edge-Gilding, Marbling, Stamping, and the various other departments of bookbinding. 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Roycroft Mattresses, full size (4ft. 6in. x eft. 4in.) ^12.00 Roycroft Box Springs « « " « 15.00 If other sizes are desired, advise us and we will make prices THE ROYCROFTERS Furniture Shop, East Aurora, New York 1^0 ** Beautify your Home 99 WITH THE FAMOUS ART STUDIES FROM trije purr iWcinto^t illontf)lj> Justly claimed by its many admirers to be ' ' The Most Beautiful Magazine in the World ' ' Each month 50 or more superb pictures of Celebrities, Scenes and incidents are presented, many of them in several colors, and the balance printed in duotone ink on fine enamel paper. The cover is an art study in colors, and the magazine is BOUND WITH SILK CORD of a color harmonizing with the color scheme of each issue. Every Picture Worthy a Frame Thousands of fine American Homes are adorned with pages from the BURR McINTOSH MONTHLY, many of them framed with Japanese Wood Veneer prepared by us expressly for these pic- tures. 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In this book we find the whole work of the greatest of American writers foreshadowed. It is a prospectus, a revelation and a prophecy. To every lover of Emerson this essay ranks with Holy Writ, and in the first edition it is almost priceless. Bound in limp leather, silk lined, per volume, $ 2.00 A few on Imperial Japan Vellum, in three- fourths Levant, hand-tooled, hand-illumined, 10.00 THE ROYCROFTERS EAST AURORA, ERIE COUNTY, NEW YORK STATE Some Pamphlets For Sale The Following little Journeys by Elbert Hnbbard, In Booklet Form, with the Portrait of Each Subject Samuel Adams Brahms John Quincy Adams Leonardo Thomas Jefferson Thorwaldsen John Jay Gainsborough William H. Seward Botticelli Micheel Angelo Velasquez Rembrandt Corot Rubens Correggio Meissonier Bellini Titian Cellini Van Dyck Abbey Millet Whistler Ary Scheffer Pericles Fortuny Mark Antony Joshua Reynolds Savonarola Landseer Luther Gustave Dore Burke Chopin Pitt Paganini Marat Mozart Patrick Henry Bach Starr King Liszt Beecher Beethoven Phillips Handel Socrates Verdi Seneca Schuiiiann Aristotle The Price is Ten tents Each or One Dollar for Ten— as long as they last The Roycrofters, East Aurora, New York (T ^% The Man of Sorrows Being a Little Journey to the home of JESUS OF NAZARETH By ELBERT HUBBARD SINCERE attempt to sketch the life, time, and teachings, and with truth limn the personality of The Man of Sorrows. Printed on hand-made paper, from a new font of Roman type, with special initials and ornaments designed by our Roycroft artists. One hundred & twenty pages. A very beautiful book, bound solidly, yet simply in limp leather, silk lined. A choice gift book. 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V For Favorite Recipes WE have just published the first book of Favorite Recipes' for which we have paid one dollar each. These recipes have been contributed by the good housewives of the Country and have never before been available for publication in any cook book. Many of them have been handed down from mother to daughter through generations. They cover the entire range of cookery. Favorite family dishes " contributed by mothers " — the best cooks of all — from Maine to California. Several Hun- dred Choice Recipes for everything from Soutl^ern Corn Pone or 'Philadelphia Scrapple to Boston Cream Pie, and fromi Sausage to Terrapin, doughnuts to aAngel Food. Also many, "Hefreshing , Cooling and Ttelicious Beverages. j One thousand copies of this valuable book will be given away I to those who write us promptly. We do this to introduce but one of the valuable features of the LIBRARY OF COOKING Which Consists of FIVE HANDY LITTLE BOOKS of more than 300 pages each. 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